Causal Attention on CPU: A Cache-Aware and Load-Balanced Scheduling Kernel for Prefill

Abstract

Agentic AI drives significant productivity gains across diverse domains, but concurrent long-context prefills from multiple agents can saturate GPU compute resources. Although CPUs offer a viable alternative, existing CPU attention kernels fall short in adapting to multi-tier cache hierarchies and lack effective thread scheduling. To address this, we introduce CACPU, a high-performance attention kernel featuring tiered cache blocking and an in-kernel task dispatching mechanism designed for causal full-sequence prefilling. CACPU achieves up to a 2.01x speedup over PyTorch SDPA, FlexAttention, and SGLang attention kernels. Integrated into SGLang, it reduces Time to First Token (TTFT) of Llama-3.1-8B by up to 1.74x while preserving model accuracy.